requestId:68499aae6ee710.12232456.
The Evolution of “Theory” and Confucianism
——Taking the history of “attacking the wrong” chapter as an example
Author: Xiao Yongming (Doctoral Supervisor of Yuelu Academy of Books, Hunan)
Zhang Jiankun (Hunan University Yuelu Bookstore)
Source: “Hunan University Journal (Social Science Edition)” Issue 1, 2017
Time: Confucius was in the 2568th year of Dingyou Puyue on the 29th of Xinsi
Jesus June 23, 2017
Content summary: “Theory·For the Political Science” “attacks the wrong side, this harm has already been taken seriously” because of his first discussion of “moment”. Especially since the Song Dynasty, with the expansion of Confucianism’s theory and historical evolution, “difference” has been given to many scholars with other connotations such as skills, great ways, scholars, Buddhists, strangers, and two ends. Their boundaries have gradually expanded until “difference” refers to all the forms of thinking and academic practices that are contrary to the evil path of Confucianism. Through the comments of the generations, we can see the ties and trajectories of Confucianism. At the same time, from the commentary of Confucian scholars of the past, we can also see that the Confucian development concept contained in this chapter has also been developed in many aspects. Some students singly sing the “difference”, some students treat the “difference” gently, deny criticism of the “difference”, and even determine the value of the “difference”. In their comments and developments, they contained different thoughts on the development methods of Confucianism.
Keywords: “Theory”/Effective/Oriental/Classical Era/Confucianism Progress
Title Note: The National Social Science Fund’s Serious Project: “History of China’s ‘Four Books’” (13&ZD060).
The “Speech·For the Political Department” reads Confucius’ words: “Attacking the wrong side, this is a disaster.” ① Since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, there have been many comments on the focus of this chapter “false right”. In terms of major aspects, the differences in the past all focus on how to treat “differences”; the basis of “regularity” and emphasize the harm of “differences” can be said to be its mainstream principle. Of course, there are obvious differences here. From a verb perspective, there are three important aspects: first, it is to train “attack” as “governance”, and use “s” to refer to learning and attacking oddities as “should” as a verb, and it is considered harmless to learn and attack oddities, so it is opposed to scholars’ learning oddities; second, it is to train “attack” as “shock”, “vain”, etc., or use “s” to refer to the oddities and “alleled” as a verb, or use “should” as a verb, or use “should” as a verb, and believes that attacking oddities should be attacked to prevent the harm of oddities; third, it is to train “attack”For the purpose of “killing” and “piping”, “s” refers to attacking the odds, and regarding “already” as a false word, it will cause great harm to the attack on the odds, and the Confucian scholar Zhang Changming will not be able to harm the evils. Judging from time as a radius, the comments of the “difference” by the former scholars include other skills, great ways, scholars of the hundreds of schools, Buddhists, strangers, and two ends, and their boundaries gradually expand until the “difference” refers to all the forms of thinking and academic disparate to the evil Confucianism; the corresponding “righteous state” is specially transformed into the evil Confucianism, and even the learning of Cheng and Zhu.
The review of the history of the chapter “attacking the strange” will help to clarify the relationship between the “Speech” review and the civilized environment, academic style, and the personal academic interests and academic concepts of the speakers. In the overall structure of Confucianism, we will understand the innate nature of classical meaning and the connotation of the times in the epigraph.
1. Explain this chapter as an opposing learning heterodomain: In the past, “the heterodomain sounds are obviously not very consistent.” The changes in the connotation and the evolution of Confucianism
To Western Han Dynasty, people no longer understood the teachings and interpretations of “The Book of Songs” in the pre-Qin period; while the two Han Dynasty’s “The Book of Songs” are mostly non-existent. ② Correspondingly, it is difficult for us to gain knowledge about the two Confucian scholars’ comments on the chapter “attacking the wrong”. However, the use of this chapter by Fan Sheng, a scholar in the early years of Donghan, may help us to understand Hanru’s understanding of this chapter. According to the fourth year of Jianwu in Emperor Guangwu (28 AD), Fan Sheng regarded the “Zuo Family” as a strange thing, and opposed Han Xin, Xu Shu and others to set up the doctor of “Zuo Family”. He said: “Confucius said: ‘Attack the wrong one, this is the harm.’… I hope that Your Majesty doubts what the previous emperor is, and believes what the previous emperor believes in, so as to show that he is against the original and does not focus on himself. Things in the whole countryBaobao.comThe reason why the difference is to make the difference is to make the difference. …The book of the “Five Books” has been written since Confucius, and he has summarized the fourteen things in “Zuoshi”. “③ Here, Fan Sheng sets the “difference” and “book”. The so-called “original” is the Confucianism that has a clear and clear origin with Confucius, which is the current literary learning; and the “Zuoshi” “is not ancestor Confucius, but comes from Qiu Ming, and is passed down by his disciples, and there is no such person, and it is not the one who exists in the previous emperor.” ④, Fan Shengtian naturally wanted to dispose of it outside the system of classical essays and opposed Confucian scholars to learn it. This kind of dispute between “Zuozhi” is actually the power of modern and ancient Chinese literature in the middle, which represents the value orientation of the two modern literary scholars to dispel the classical language learning and to suppress the value orientation of classical language.
If Fan Sheng’s understanding is limited to the conflict of learning, then He Yan’s (AD ?-249) commentary extended the meaning of this chapter. He said: “Attack is to govern. Good paths have a solid foundation, so they are different paths but the same. The opposite,It is a difference. ”⑤ Here, “good way” refers to the six Confucian passages, and “synthetic” means “original”, which is the way of Confucian sages. In He Yan’s view, although the paths of education are different, Ye Qiuguan is very curious. If she deviates from the so-called plot, what would happen to the way of Confucian sages; “difference” does not come from this, so the purpose and interests are different. This is to treat “difference” and “rectification” in the right way. However, He Yan also said: “Although you learn or obtain “difference”, you may not be able to do it.” ”⑥ When talking about “Although the great way, there must be something to be seen”, He Yan also pointed out that “the great way is a strange end.” ⑦ Here, He Yan not only did not only dispel the “different end”, but instead believed that “different end” was possible Contracting contractsThere is a kind of open mind. In this regard, the academic community often believes that this is He Yan’s true thinking. He Yan is enthusiastic about pursuing the mysterious principles, and when he talks about “Theory”, he also cannot express the academic purpose of Taoism and Confucianism. “He here is to use the facts of Lao Zhuang’s “Little New Year’s Eve” to describe the “difference”. Although the ‘different’ is small’, it is also ‘visible’, it has a positive consequence for the Wei Dynasty’s party and the quarrels’ and the storm. This explanation has its mysterious color of “severe and not neglecting small”. “⑧ Despite this, He Yan’s explanation is still obscure. Although the “difference is the great way” he proposed was inherited by many scholars in later generations, it was mostly extended to the harm of regulating the differences.
The Southern Dynasty Emperor Liang (488-545 AD) made a further explanation of He Yan’s comments: “The Master said: ‘Attacking the wrong direction, this harm is gone. ’This chapter prohibits people from studying the books of hundreds of schools of thought. Attack means governance. The predecessors said that learning to govern, so those who wrote bo
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